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Solana Shadow Trail: Uncovering Solana's Hidden Pathways

Explore the intricate methods used to launder illicit funds on the Solana blockchain.

With over $2.42 billion in daily trading volume for SOL alone, Solana is a hotspot for cryptocurrency transactions. Beneath its surface lies a complex network of exfiltration routes used by bad actors to launder stolen funds. This report by @DavidNzubee delves into these pathways, identifying key non-freezable assets, mapping laundering channels, and providing a database of wallet addresses to secure the Solana ecosystem.

Key Non-Freezable Assets on Solana

These tokens are central to laundering activities due to their liquidity and non-freezable nature.

Solana

SOL24h: $2.42B

Native token with high liquidity on centralized and decentralized exchanges

Raydium

RAY24h: $45M

AMM and liquidity provider for Serum DEX

Orca

ORCA24h: $32M

User-friendly DEX with concentrated liquidity

Helium

HNT24h: $18M

Decentralized wireless network token

Marinade Staked SOL

mSOL24h: $120M

Liquid staking derivative for SOL

Jupiter SOL

JUPSOL24h: $85M

Liquidity aggregator token

Pyth Network

PYTH24h: $28M

Oracle network for real-time market data

Jito

JTO24h: $22M

MEV infrastructure token

Diverse Laundering Channels

Bad actors utilize a variety of pathways to launder illicit funds, each with different liquidity capacities and risk profiles.

Centralized Exchanges (CEX)

High liquidity but vulnerable to KYC/AML checks

Liquidity: > $25M per hop

Decentralized Exchanges (DEX)

Non-custodial swaps with varying liquidity

Liquidity: $5-25M per hop

Cross-Chain Bridges/Swaps

Move assets between blockchains

Liquidity: $1-10M per hop

Non-Custodial Swap Services

Peer-to-peer exchanges with minimal KYC

Liquidity: $0.5-5M per hop

P2P Exchanges & Fintech Off-Ramps

Direct user-to-user transactions

Liquidity: $0.1-1M per hop

Novel Techniques

Emerging methods like memecoin creation

Liquidity: Varies

In-Depth Analysis and Forensic Techniques

The research employs rigorous methodology to map Solana's exfiltration routes and provide actionable intelligence for blockchain security.

Blockchain Forensics

Utilizing tools like Solscan and SolanaFM to trace transaction flows and identify patterns.

Liquidity Analysis

Assessing trading volumes and liquidity pools via CoinGecko and on-chain data to identify viable exfiltration routes.

Wallet Address Database

Compiling a comprehensive list of addresses associated with laundering activities for monitoring.

Security Recommendations

Developing strategies to enhance Solana ecosystem security based on identified vulnerabilities.

Transaction Tracing Visualization

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This interactive visualization demonstrates how funds move through various exfiltration routes, from initial theft to final off-ramp. The full report contains more detailed visualizations and analysis.

Access the Complete Analysis

Download the full report to access detailed analysis of Solana's exfiltration routes, including:

  • Comprehensive list of non-freezable assets with detailed liquidity analysis
  • In-depth breakdown of all exfiltration pathways with risk assessments
  • Complete database of wallet addresses associated with laundering activities
  • Technical recommendations for enhancing Solana ecosystem security
  • Visual transaction flow diagrams and network maps

Based on the latest data as of April 2025, this report is essential for blockchain security professionals, cryptocurrency exchanges, and anyone involved in Solana ecosystem security.